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Daniel 9:1-27 (KJV)
- 1) Sermons From Daniel - The Faith Of A Fifteen Year Old - (Daniel 1:1-21)
- 2) Sermons From Daniel - The Kingdom That Shall Never Be Destroyed - (Daniel 2:1-49)
- 3) Sermons From Daniel - Faith In The Face Of Fire - (Daniel 3:1-30)
- 4) Sermons From Daniel - The Most High Rules In Kingdom Of Man - (Daniel 4:1-34)
- 5) Sermons From Daniel - The Hand Writing On The Wall - (Daniel 5:1-31)
- 6) Sermons From Daniel - Daniel In The Lions' Den - (Daniel 6:1-28)
- 7) Sermons From Daniel - The Vision Of The Four Beasts - (Daniel 7:1-28)
- 8) Sermons From Daniel - The Vision Of The Ram And The Goat - (Daniel 8:1-27)
- 9) Sermons From Daniel - Daniel's Penitential Prayer - Daniel 9:1-19)
- 10) Sermons From Daniel - The Vision Of The Seventy Weeks - (Daniel 9:20-27)
- 11) Sermons From Daniel - The Vision Of The Time Of The End - I - (Daniel 10:1-11:1)
- 12) Sermons From Daniel - The Vision Of The Time Of The End - II - (Daniel 11:2-35)
- 13) Sermons From Daniel - The Vision Of The Time Of The End - III - (Daniel 11:36-12:13)
SRB = Scofield References
JFB = Jamieson, Fausset, Brown Commentary
JFB = Introduction
AC = Adam Clarke Comentary
AC = Chronology by Adam Clarke
OU = OUtline of Daniel
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- Introduction and Overview; (Daniel 1:1-2.
- Detailed Introduction by Jameison-Faussett-Brown
- Detailed Summary by By H. A. "Buster" Dobbs
• OU Index â € ¢ AC JFB SRB
"THE BOOK OF DANIEL"
Daniel's Penitential Prayer
Daniel 9:1-19 (KJV) • OU Index â € ¢ AC JFB SRBINTRODUCTION 1. As we continue our survey of the book of Daniel, we come to a remarkable chapter...• OU Index â € ¢ AC JFB SRBa. In which we find a beautiful prayer expressed by Daniel - Daniel 9:1-19• OU Index â € ¢ AC JFB SRBb. In which we find an amazing revelation regarding "seventy sevens" - Daniel 9:20-27 2. Without question, the latter part of the chapter is difficult... a. Edward J. Young describes it as "one of the most difficult in all the OT, and the interpretations which have been offered are almost legion." b. H. C. Leupold wrote "This is one of the grandest prophetic passages; and yet, if there was ever an exegetical crux, this is it." 3. In light of its difficulty... a. We should certainly approach this passage with humility, and not dogmatically b. We should be careful not to draw conclusions that contradict clear teachings of Scripture 4. But before we consider the actual vision of the seventy weeks, let's take the time to consider the prayer offered by Daniel... a. A beautiful example of confessing sin and seeking forgiveness b. Akin to the prayer of David in Psalm 51 [A wonderful blessing we enjoy as Christians is the cleansing blood of Jesus as we confess our sins (1 John 1:9). Daniel's prayer in this chapter provides insight into the art of confessing sin...] I. THE SETTING OF THE PRAYER• OU Index â € ¢ AC JFB SRBA. THE DATE OF THE PRAYER... 1. In the first year of Darius, son of Ahasuerus - Daniel 9:1 a. Of the lineage of the Medes b. Made king over the Chaldeans (Babylonians) - Daniel 5:31; 6:1-28 2. The time is now about 538 B.C. B. THE REASON FOR THE PRAYER... 1. Daniel knew the prophecy of Jeremiah, regarding 70 years of Babylonian captivity• OU Index â € ¢ AC JFB SRB- Daniel 9:2; cf. Jeremiah 25:9-12; 29:10 2. The 70 years of Jerusalem began in 606 B.C., with the captivity of Daniel and the first devastation of Jerusalem - 2 Chronicles 36:5-7; Daniel 1:1-6 -- So with this first year of the Medo-Persian empire (With Darius the Mede over Chaldea, but with Cyrus the Persian over all), the prophecy of Jeremiah was almost completed - 2 Chronicles 36:21-23; Ezra 1:1-4• OU Index â € ¢ AC JFB SRBC. THE PREPARATION FOR THE PRAYER... 1. Daniel set his face toward the Lord God - Daniel 9:3 a. To make request by prayer and supplications b. This may have included facing toward Jerusalem - cf. Daniel 6:10-11 2. With fasting, sackcloth, and ashes a. Physical preparations which illustrated his humility and contrition b. Similar to the practice of others - Nehemiah 9:1-2; John 3:5-9 [With the Word of God fresh on his mind, his heart humbled by his own sins and those of his people, even his physical body humbled into submission, Daniel begins his penitential prayer...] II. THE CONTENT OF THE PRAYER• OU Index â € ¢ AC JFB SRBA. DANIEL'S CONFESSION... 1. Addressing the Lord his God - Daniel 9:4 a. As great and awesome b. Who keeps His covenant and mercy with those who: 1) Love Him 2) Keep His commandments - cf. Psalm 103:17-18; John 14:15• OU Index â € ¢ AC JFB SRB2. Confessing in behalf of his people - Daniel 9:5-6 a. Of sinning and committing iniquity b. Of doing wickedly and rebelling c. Of departing from His precepts and judgments d. Of failing to heed His servants the prophets, who spoke to their kings, princes, fathers, and all the people - 2 Chronicles 36:15-21 3. Contrasting their shame with God's righteousness - a. To Judah, Israel, and the inhabitants of Jerusalem belong shame of face 1) Those both near and far off in countries where God had driven them 2) To them, their kings, princes, and fathers 3) Because of their unfaithfulness against God, their sin and rebellion - Ezra 9:6-7 b. To God belongs righteousness 1) To Him belongs mercy and forgiveness 2) Even though they had rebelled against Him - Ezra 9:8-9• OU Index â € ¢ AC JFB SRB4. Reviewing their sin, and the fulfillment of God's warnings - Daniel 9:10-14 a. The nature of their sin - cf. Nehemiah 9:13-30 1) They have not obeyed the voice of the Lord 2) They have not walked in His laws set before by His prophets 3) They transgressed His law, and departed so as not to obey His voice 4) They had not prayed that they might turn from their iniquities and understand His truth b. The fulfillment of God's warnings - Leviticus 26:14-39; Deuteronomy 28:15-68 1) The curse and oath written in the Law of Moses has been poured out 2) He has confirmed His words spoken against them by bringing a great disaster upon them 3) Especially the disaster which has come upon Jerusalem• OU Index â € ¢ AC JFB SRB5. Summarizing their sin - Daniel 9:15 a. To Him who delivered them from Egyptian bondage with a mighty hand b. They have sinned, and done wickedly!• OU Index â € ¢ AC JFB SRBB. DANIEL'S PETITION... 1. His passionate plea for God to: a. Turn away His anger and fury - Daniel 9:16 1) From His city Jerusalem, His holy mountain 2) Because of their sins and iniquities 3) For which they have become a reproach• OU Index â € ¢ AC JFB SRBb. Hear his prayer and supplications - Daniel 9:17a c. Cause His face to shine on His sanctuary, which is desolate - Daniel 9:17b d. See their desolation, and the desolation of the city called by His name• OU Index â € ¢ AC JFB SRB- Daniel 9:18 e. Hear, forgive, act and not delay! - Daniel 9:19 2. His passionate plea based, not because of their righteous deeds, but upon:• OU Index â € ¢ AC JFB SRBa. God's righteousness, and for His sake - Daniel 9:16-17 b. God's great mercies, and for His city and His people called by His name - Daniel 9:18-19 CONCLUSION 1. Like the penitential prayer of David in Psalm 51, this prayer of Daniel is a classic example of how to confess our sins and seek God's forgiveness a. To seek forgiveness on the basis of God's lovingkindness and mercy, not one's own righteousness - cf. Psalm 51:1-2 b. To acknowledge one's sins before God - cf. Psalm 51:3-4 -- As we confess our sins (cf. 1 John 1:9), remember the example of godly men like David and Daniel! 2. Daniel's noble character is seen in how he identified himself with his people in their sins... a. Even though he had been faithful to God throughout his life - Daniel 6:10b. For such reasons he was "greatly beloved" by God - Daniel 9:23; 10:11,19 May the example of Daniel's life and faith inspire us in our own walk with God, for we too have been blessed to be "greatly beloved": "Behold what manner of love the Father has bestowed on us, that we should be called children of God!" - 1 John 3:1a Are we trusting in the love and mercy of God for the forgiveness of sins, and not our own righteousness?
"THE BOOK OF DANIEL"
The Vision Of The Seventy Weeks Daniel 9:20-27 (KJV) • OU Index â € ¢ AC JFB SRBINTRODUCTION• OU Index â € ¢ AC JFB SRB1. We come now to one of the most difficult passages of the Old Testament... a. Commonly called "The Vision Of The Seventy Weeks" - Daniel 9:20-27 b. Edward J. Young describes it as "one of the most difficult in all the OT, and the interpretations which have been offered are almost legion." c. Stuart says that "it would require a volume of considerable magnitude even to give a history of the ever-varying and contradictory opinions that have been offered" 2. With such a difficult passage before us, we should ... a. Approach it with humility, and not dogmatically b. Not draw conclusions that would contradict clear teachings of Scripture• OU Index â € ¢ AC JFB SRB[We begin our study with Daniel 9:20, in which Daniel first describes...] I. THE ARRIVAL OF GABRIEL A. AT THE TIME OF EVENING OFFERING... 1. Even as Daniel was confessing his sin and the sin of his people, and making supplication for the holy mountain of God (i.e., Jerusalem) - Daniel 9:20-21 2. This was the same person seen in the vision at the beginning - cf. Daniel 8:16• OU Index â € ¢ AC JFB SRBB. TO GIVE DANIEL SKILL TO UNDERSTAND... 1. Commanded to do so even at the beginning of Daniel's prayer - Daniel 9:22-23 2. For Daniel was "greatly beloved" - cf. Daniel 10:11,19 [And so Gabriel, who provided explanation to Daniel regarding the vision of the ram and the goat (Daniel 8:16), now proceeds to give details concerning...] II. THE VISION OF THE SEVENTY WEEKS A. A GENERAL STATEMENT OF WHAT IS TO OCCUR...• OU Index â € ¢ AC JFB SRB1. 70 "weeks" are determined for Daniel's people (Israel) and his holy city (Jerusalem) - Daniel 9:24 a. The word "weeks" in Hebrew is actually "sevens" (i.e., 70 "sevens") b. Most agree it likely refers to "weeks", but weeks of what? 1) Weeks of days? a) Then it would be 490 days b) Few believe this to be the case, and so most all figuratize this passage to some extent 2) Weeks of years (i.e., each day representing a year)? a) Then it would be 490 years b) But the Jews used a lunar calendar (360 days/yr), so it would be 483 years according to our calendar) c) Many suggest this to be the answer, but it is not without difficulty 3) Of some complete, yet non-specific period of time? a) Then it may just refer to seventy complete periods of time b) And each week may not be equivalent in time (i.e., one "week" may be longer than other "weeks") 2. This period of time will be for the fulfillment of six things, each apparently related to the work of the coming Messiah a. To finish the transgression 1) The marginal reading has "restrain" for "finish" 2) The idea is that Messiah would provide a restraining power and influence which would check the progress of sin (Barnes) - cf. Acts 3:25-26 b. To make an end of sins 1) The marginal reading has "to seal up" for "make an end" 2) The idea is that sins will be sealed up, or closed, or hidden, so that they will not be seen, or will not develop themselves (Barnes) - cf. Acts 3:19 c. To make reconciliation for iniquity 1) Literally, to cover iniquity 2) How this would be done is not stated here, but cf. Isaiah 53:5-6,10-12 -- Note: The first three things relate to our Lord's work of dealing with the problem of sin, how sin would "restrained", "sealed up", and "covered over" d. To bring in everlasting righteousness 1) Literally, to cause to come 2) To provide a way by which a man could become righteous and holy - cf. Romans 3:21-26; 2 Corinthians 5:21 e. To seal up the vision and the prophecy 1) To complete, to finish, meaning the prophecies would be fulfilled (Barnes) 2) Young suggests that it is referring to OT prophecies, especially those related to the work of the Messiah making an end of sin - cf. Luke 24:44-47 f. To anoint the Most Holy 1) Barnes opines that the Most Holy refers to the temple in Jerusalem 2) And that the anointing of the temple refers to the presence of the Messiah in the temple - cf. Malachi 3:1-2; Matthew 12:6 3) Especially regarding the presence of the Lord in the temple during His final week - cf. Matthew 21:1-16 4) Some believe it may refer to the baptism of Jesus when the Spirit came upon Him in the form of a dove - Matthew 3:16-17• OU Index â € ¢ AC JFB SRBB. A SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION OF HOW THIS WOULD OCCUR... 1. There shall be 7 weeks and 62 weeks - Daniel 9:25 a. Beginning with the command to restore and build Jerusalem, until Messiah the prince (the street and the wall shall be built, even in troublesome times) b. At least three possible decrees may serve as the "terminus pro quo" (starting point) of the 70 "weeks" 1) The decree of Cyrus (539-538 BC) - cf. Ezra 1:1-4 a) To rebuild the temple (and the city, - cf. Isaiah 44:26-28; 45:13) b) If one starts here, then the 70 weeks could not be 490 literal years, for that would place the end of the 70 weeks around 55 B.C. (much too early) c) The appeal of using this decree as the starting point 1] It is the most well-known decree regarding the restoration of Israel 2] It was given about the time Daniel received his vision of the 70 weeks -- This decree is preferred by many who do not hold to a literal 490 years (Young, Harkrider, McGuiggan) 2) The decree of Artaxerxes (457 BC) - cf. Ezra 7:13-14 a) For Ezra to restore the Law and its worship b) Starting here, 490 Julian years would end the 70 weeks around 33 A.D. c) But 490 lunar years end the 70 weeks around 26 A.D. (seven years too early) -- This decree is preferred by some amillenialists who hold to a literal 490 years, but not lunar years (Haley's Bible Handbook) 3) The second decree of Artaxerxes (445-444 BC) - cf. Nehemiah 2:1-8 a) For Nehemiah to build the city b) Starting here, 490 lunar years end the 70 weeks around 38 A.D. c) This would place the start of the 70th week near the beginning of Jesus' public ministry (ca. 30 A.D.) d) There are problems with the first 7 weeks ending around 396 B.C., which some contend is too late for the restoration of the city -- Premillenialists prefer to start with this decree, but so do some amillenialists such as Albert Barnes c. Each starting date has its problems, but I lean towards Barnes' choice of the second decree of Artaxerxes in 445 B.C. as the terminus a quo for this prophecy 1) The 7 and 62 "weeks" is the period of time from the decree until "Messiah the Prince" 2) Barnes has this period ending with the baptism of Jesus and the beginning of His public ministry• OU Index â € ¢ AC JFB SRB2. After the 62 weeks, certain events will occur - Daniel 9:26-27 a. Messiah will be cut off, but not for Himself 1) This refers to the death of Christ 2) Whose death occurs midway during the 70th week (see below) b. People of the prince who is to come shall destroy the city and the sanctuary 1) The end of it shall be with a flood; until the end of the war, desolations are determined a) The people are generally accepted to be the Romans, who destroyed Jerusalem in A.D. 70 b) The "prince" is thought to be either Titus, the Roman general, or perhaps referring to Jesus Himself (with the Roman army as the instrument of God's judgment upon Jerusalem) 2) Many contend that the destruction must fall within the 70th week a) However, Young and Barnes argue that such is not necessarily required by the text b) The desolation to befall Jerusalem may be the consequence of events during the 70th week, and not fall within the period of the 70th week c. For 1 week, he shall confirm a covenant with many 1) "He" refers to Jesus (Barnes) 2) "Confirm a covenant" describes the work done by Jesus and His apostles in Israel, before and immediately after His death (Barnes) a) His earthly ministry lasted about 3 and half years b) The gospel was preached only to Jews for 3-4 years after Pentecost d. In the middle of the week he shall bring an end to sacrifice and offering 1) This refers to Jesus who was cut off, but not for Himself (Barnes) 2) Through His death, He brought the need for sacrifices to an end - Hebrews 10:12-18e. The abomination and desolation to come - Daniel 9:27 1) Alluding to the destruction of Jerusalem in A.D. 70 2) Jesus referred to this in Matthew24:15 3) Again, this desolation may be the consequence of what occurred in the 70th week, even though it occurred after the 70th week 4) But if required to occur during the 70th week, then the 70th week must extend beyond A.D. 70 (Harkrider, McGuiggan) CONCLUSION 1. Such a brief look at this difficult passage will naturally raise many questions, which are beyond the scope of our study 2. For more detailed study, one might consider the following commentaries which provide several alternative views... a. Commentary on Daniel, Albert Barnes b. The Prophecy of Daniel, Edward J. Young c. Commentary on Revelation, Robert F. Harkrider d. The Book Of Daniel, Jim McGuiggan e. Exposition Of Daniel, H. C. Leupold -- Each of these examine the passage from the amillenial perspective, which finds no place for the "gap theory" favored by dispensational premillenialists While the passage is admittedly difficult, let's not lose sight of the wonderful promises concerning the Messiah's work related to sin and righteousness. For Jesus through His death has truly brought an end to the consequences of sin and introduced everlasting righteousness!
• KeySRB = Scofield References
JFB = Jamieson, Fausset, Brown Commentary
JFB = Introduction
AC = Adam Clarke Comentary
AC = Chronology by Adam Clarke
OU = OUtline of Daniel
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